US researchers of Harvard Medical School have found a new, "remarkably efficient" way to generate human stem cells that could provide an alternative to using embryonic stem cells in treating disease, a study published on Thursday said. The researchers did not go the usual route of permanently altering the genome to obtain protein factors that reprogram adult cells into human-induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPSCs.
Instead, they developed synthetic modified messenger RNA molecules — which they called modified RNAs — that encoded the proteins, but did not integrate into the cell's DNA.
They found, to their surprise, that repeated administration of the modified RNAs "resulted in robust expression of the reprogramming proteins in mature skin cells that were then converted to iPSCs with startling efficiency," the study says.
"We weren't really expecting the modified RNAs to work so effectively, but the reprogramming efficiencies we observed with our approach were very high," Rossi said.
Currently, clinical application of iPSCs is hampered by, among others, inefficient means of generating pluripotent stem cells.
RNA-induced iPSCs with an RNA associated with muscle cell development caused cells to differentiate into muscle cells. Differentiation was simple, efficient and "without the immediate risk of inducing genetic mutations," the study says.
"Our technology represents a safe, efficient strategy for somatic cell reprogramming and directing cell fate that has wide ranging applicability for research, disease modeling and regenerative medicine," said Rossi. "We believe that our approach has the potential to become a major and perhaps even central enabling technology for cell-based therapies," he said.
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