PINKY AND BRAIN

VERY VERY CUTE SONG ABOUT THE BRAIN!!!!

CLICK TO VIEW VIDEO

"It was such a shock for me," Martina Navratilova said. "It was my 9/11."

Tennis ace and legend of the Wimbledon lore Martina Navratilova was diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) which is a non-invasive form of the disease that has a small chance of relapse. She chalks her diagnosis up to missing her mammogram appointments for several years.

The 18 time tennis champion will be a frontrunner in a talk by the AARP encouraging women to make sure that they have the screening test.

The 53-year-old confessed that she was devastated when she first heard the news in February this year but she hasn’t let her illness slow her down. Navratilova plans to work as a commentator for the Tennis Channel during the French Open while undergoing radiation therapy in Paris

She is sure she will have a full responsibility and will have less than a 10% chance of relapse once the treatments are complete.

Navratilova won 59 Grand Slam titles overall, including 18 in singles, 31 in doubles and 10 in mixed doubles. The last was a mixed doubles championship with Bob Bryan at the 2006 U.S. Open, a month shy of Navratilova's 50th birthday.

AIPGMEE/AIIMS

QUESTION : Which of the following statements about syringomyeliais true?


A. More than half the cases are associated with Chiari malformations.
B. Symptoms typically begin in middle age.
C. Vibration and position sensation are usually diminished.
D. Syrinx cavities are always congenital.


ANSWER : A.


Syringomyelia is a developmental, slowly enlarging cavitary expansion of the cervical cord that produces a progressive myelopathy. Symptoms typically

begin in adolescence or early adulthood. They may undergo spontaneous arrest after several years. More than half are associated with Chiari malformations. Acquired cavitations of the... See More spinal cord are referred to as syrinx cavities. They may result from trauma, myelitis, infection, or tumor. The classic presentation is that of a central cord syndrome with sensory loss of pain and temperature sensation and weakness of the upper extremities. Vibration and position sensation are typically preserved. Muscle wasting in the lower neck, shoulders, arms, and hands with asymmetric or absent reflexes reflects extension of the cavity

to the anterior horns. With progression, spasticity and weakness of the lower extremities and bladder and bowel dysfunction may occur. MRI scans are the diagnostic modality of choice. Surgical therapy is generally unsatisfactory. Syringomyelia associated with Chiari malformations may require extensive decompressions of the posterior fossa. Direct decompression of the cavity is of debatable benefit. Syringomyelia secondary to trauma or infection

is treated with decompression and a drainage procedure, with a shunt often inserted that drains into the subarachnoid space. Although relief may occur, recurrence is common.

NEAR DEATH EXPERIANCE!!!

Patients who have had a near-death experience often report walking towards a bright light, or a feeling that they are floating above their body - a sensation that has long been interpreted as a religious vision and confirmation of afterlife. Experts now claim it's a surge of electrical activity triggered by the brain in the moments before death, apparent from a study of the brainwaves of dying patients.


"We think the near-death experiences are caused by a surge of electrical energy released as the brain runs out of oxygen," said Lakhmir Chawla, an anaesthesiologist at George Washington University medical centre in Washington. "As blood flow slows down and oxygen levels fall, the cells fire one last electrical impulse. It starts in one part of the brain and spreads in a cascade and this activity gives people vivid mental sensations."

Many revived patients have reported being bathed in bright light or suffused with a sense of peace as they start to walk into a light-filled tunnel.

A few even say they experienced visions of religious figures such as Jesus or Prophet Muhammad or Krishna, while others describe floating above their own deathbed, observing the scene.

MICHAEL JACKSON !!!

In 2008, a shocking report claimed that Michael jackson suffered from ALPHA 1 ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY and needed a lung transplant...

A1AD is a genetic disorder that leads to a low level of alpha-1 antitrypsin protein in the blood, a protein that acts as a protective shield and blocks the activity of destructive enzymes.

Smoking and gene mutation , 2 year old who Smokes 40 Cigarettes Per Day

 Heavy smokers who get lung cancer may have tens of thousands of genetic mutations, US researchers said.

A team at Roche's biotechnology unit Genentech in California compared all the genetic changes in a single patient's lung tumor with healthy tissue from the patient, a 51-year-old man who had smoked an average of 25 cigarettes per day for 15 years before the tumor was removed.

What they found were as many as 50,000 genetic mutations. "Fifty thousand is a huge number. No one has ever reported such a high number," said Zemin Zhang of Genentech, whose findings appear in the journal Nature. "This is likely associated with the smoking history of the patient. It is very alarming," Zhang said in a telephone interview said on Wednesday.

Smoking is the biggest single cause of lung cancer, and studies suggest mutations occur with each cigarette smoked.

Zhang said the ratio between the number of cigarettes the person smoked before his tumor was removed and the number of mutations in the tumor suggest that for every three cigarettes he smoked, one genetic mutation occurred.

A recent  stunning youtube video showing a 2 year old boy who is addicted to nicotine has recently made the news...  To me its possibly the worst parenting in the world and this child will pay a heavy price soon....  

To watch the video click on the link below

Dad says smoking toddler is 'addicted' and Smokes 40 Cigarettes Per Day!

joke

This 85-year-old couple, having been married almost 60 years, died in a car crash. They had been in good health the last 10 years, mainly due to her interest in health food and exercise.


When they reached the pearly gates, St. Peter took them to their mansion, which was decked out with a beautiful kitchen, master bath suite and Jacuzzi.

As they oohed and aahed, the old man asked Peter how much all this was going to cost. "It's free," Peter replied. "This is Heaven."
Next they went out back to survey the championship golf course in the backyard. They would have golfing privileges every day, and each week the course would change to a new one, representing the great golf courses on Earth.

The old man asked, "What are the greens fees?"

Peter's reply, "This is Heaven -- you play for free."

Next they went to the clubhouse and saw the lavish buffet lunch with the cuisines of the world laid out.

"How much to eat?" asked the old man.

"Don't you understand yet? This is Heaven, it's FREE!" Peter replied with some exasperation.

"Well, where are the low-fat and low-cholesterol tables?" the old man asked timidly.

Peter lectured, "That's the best part -- you can eat as much as you like of whatever you like and you never t fat and you never get sick. This is Heaven."

With that the old man went into a fit of anger, throwing down his hat and stomping on it, and shrieking wildly.

Peter and his wife both tried to calm him down, asking him what was wrong. The old man looked at his wife and said, "This is all your fault. If it weren't for your blasted bran muffins, I could have been here 10 years ago!"

POLYGRAPH - LIE DETECTOR

An earlier and less successful lie detector or polygraph machine was invented by James Mackenzie in 1902. However, the modern polygraph machine was invented by John Larson in 1921.


John Larson, a University of California medical student, invented the modern lie detector (polygraph) in 1921. Used in police interrogation and investigation since 1924, the lie detector is still controversial among psychologists, and is not always judicially acceptable. The name polygraph comes from the fact that the machine records several different body responses simultaneously as the individual is questioned.

The theory is that when a person lies, the lying causes a certain amount of stress that produces changes in several involuntary physiological reactions. A series of different sensors are attached to the body, and as the polygraph measures changes in breathing, blood pressure, pulse and perspiration, pens record the data on graph paper. During a lie detector test, the operator asks a series of control questions that set the pattern of how an individual responds when giving true and false answers. Then the actual questions are asked, mixed in with filler questions. The examination lasts about 2 hours, after which the expert interprets the data.

ELVIS ARON PRESLEY

Elvis Aaron Presley is without doubt the most popular and most famous singer of all time but many people are not aware that Elvis was actually one of the most famous diabetics of all time.

If there was ever one example of how diabetes could not and should not take over your life this was the man!

FINGERPRINTING !!!

In the 19th century it was observed that contact between someone's hands and a surface left barely visible and marks called fingerprints. Fine powder (dusting) was used to make the marks more visible.

Modern fingerprint identification dates from 1880, when the British scientific journal Nature published letters by the Englishmen Henry Faulds and William James Herschel describing the uniqueness and permanence of fingerprints.

Dr.Henry faulds gave the idea of tracing criminals from latent prints found at a crime site and came to the conclusion that no two prints were alike.

Their observations were verified by the English scientist Sir Francis Galton, who designed the first elementary system for classifying fingerprints based on grouping the patterns into arches, loops, and whorls. Galton's system was improved upon by London police commissioner, Sir Edward R. Henry, then IGP,Lower bengal with the able assistance of two of  his Indian officers.

The first ever Finger Print Bureau of the world was established at Writer's Building  at Calcutta in the year 1897.

The Galton-Henry system of fingerprint classification, was published in June 1900, and officially introduced at Scotland Yard in 1901. It is the most widely used method of fingerprinting to date.

joke

A young woman wasn't feeling well, and asked one her co-workers to recommend a physician.

"I know a great one in the city, but he is very expensive. Five hundred dollars for the first visit, and one hundred dollars for each one after that."

The woman went to the doctor's office and, trying to save a little money, cheerily announced.

"I'm back!"

Not fooled for a second, the doctor quickly examined her and said, "Very good, just continue the treatment I prescribed on your last visit."

Sharper minds from exercise in older women

Older women who did an hour or two of strength training exercises each week had improved cognitive function a year later, scoring higher on tests of the brain processes responsible for planning and executing tasks, a new study has found.

KATE JACKSON - CHARLIE'S ' TOUGH ' ANGEL!!!

Kate Jackson is an American actress, director, and producer.She is perhaps best-known for her role as Sabrina Duncan in the hugely popular 1970s television series Charlie's Angels.

She has three Emmy and four Golden Globes nominations, an award of excellence from the UCLA drama department and two Humanitarian Awards for her work with children and animals.

She was born on October 29, 1948, in Birmingham, Alabama, she attended The Brooke Hill School for Girls and then went on to the University of Mississippi, where she was a member of the Delta Rho chapter of the Kappa Kappa Gamma sorority,but during her sophomore year at the University of Mississippi, she moved to New York City to study acting at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts.

She started modelling at age of 16, and was discovered by Paramount Studios head Robert Evans, who was struck by her 1940s Hollywood looks.

JOKE

THINGS U DON'T WANT TO HEAR DURING SURGERY ;)

Better save that. We'll need it for the autopsy.


Spot! Spot! Come back with that! Bad Dog!

Wait a minute, if this is his spleen, then what's that?

Hand me that...uh...that...uh.....thingie.

Oh no! I just lost my Rolex.


Oops! Hey, has anyone ever survived 500ml of this stuff before?

Damn, there go the lights again...

"You know, there's big money in kidneys. Heck, the guy's got two of them."

Everybody stand back! I lost my contact lens!

Could you stop that thing from beating; it's throwing my concentration off.

Anyone see where I left that scalpel?

This patient has already had some kids, am I correct?

Nurse, did this patient sign the organ donor card?

Don't worry; I think it's sharp enough.

FIRE! FIRE! Everyone get out of here!

Smaller fingers provide women a better feel

A guy who absentmindedly scratches his chin late in the day feels the stubble that has grown in since his morning shave. But if his girlfriend were to pass her hand along that same chin, there's a good chance that she would be better able to feel the individual hairs.

For pianists and guitarists, small fingers are a curse. But a study published in the Journal of

Neuroscience on December 16, 2009, suggests that diminutive digits do have an advantage: they are more sensitive.

BLEEDING GUMS

Causes


Poor oral hygiene
Inadequate plaque removal
Oral trauma, like toothbrush abrasion
Inflammation caused by infection
Vitamin C / K deficiency
Hot food
Chemical irritants
Leukemia
Pregnancy

Treatment :
Apply pressure using ice-pack
Mouth rinse: Pinch of salt in lukewarm water
Rinse twice a day to reduce swelling
Consult a dentist if bleeding continues
Avoid aspirin intake
Massage gums regularly
Reline poorly fitted dentures
Take vitamin supplements if necessary as adviced by ur doctor.
Avoid Tobacco
Avoid snacking between meals
Reduce Carbohydrate- rich food
Remove plaque every 6 months
Brush teeth using soft-bristled brush
Floss teeth regularly


For informational purpose only, for further advice contact qualified physician

HALLE BERRY !!!

Halle Berry is well-known as a beauty queen, model, the recipient of the 2002 Oscar for Best Actress – but it is not generally known that she is a Type 1 diabetic.

Halle Berry was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1968, the youngest of two daughters of Jerome and Judith Berry.She started modelling at a young age and the determined to succeed, she won the Miss Teen All-American pageant in 1985 and the following year was a runner-up in the Miss USA Pageant. She then decided to turn her hand to acting.

Man flu :Man is the weaker sex ;) ;)

Men's ability to turn a sniffle into flu and a headache into a migraine has long been a source of irritation to wives and girlfriends.

But the new research suggests that they are not faking it and that they suffer diseases more seriously and for longer.

Scientists believe it is the male predilection for a "live fast, die young" lifestyle that means in evolutionary terms they have failed to build up their immune systems like females.

That means that they not only catch more diseases but they tend to suffer more seriously, and for longer, from them.
Two UK researchers who developed a mathematical model to investigate why men appear to be the weaker sex where disease is concerned suggest there may be good reasons behind the "man flu" of popular imagination.It predicts that the adventurous lifestyle of the male means that they are more exposed to disease but paradoxically this reduces their immunity.

JOKE

A woman accompanied her husband to the doctor's office.


After his checkup, the doctor called the wife into his office alone. He said, "Your husband is suffering from a very severe stress disorder. If you don't follow my instructions carefully, your husband will surely die.

"Each morning, fix him a healthy breakfast. Be pleasant at all times. For lunch make him a nutritious meal. For dinner prepare an especially nice meal for him.

"Don't burden him with chores. Don't discuss your problems with him; it will only make his stress worse. Do not nag him. Most importantly, make love to him regularly.

"If you can do this for the next 10 months to a year, I think your husband will regain his health completely."

On the way home, the husband asked his wife, "What did the doctor say?"


"He said you're going to die," she replied.

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM !!!

In 1878, British physiologists John Burden Sanderson and Frederick Page, recorded the electrical current of a frog's heart's using a capillary electrometer. They showed two different phases of electrical current.


In 1887, British physiologist Augustus Waller of St. Mary's Medical School in London published the first human electrocardiogram - recorded by lab technician, Thomas Goswell. Augustus Waller was the first person to use the term electrocardiogram.

In 1891, British physiologists William Bayliss and Edward Starling of University College London improved the capillary electrometer used by Sanderson and Page. Bayliss and Starling connected the terminals to the right hand and to the skin over the apex beat and show a "triphasic variation accompanying (or rather preceding) each beat of the heart". They also demonstrate a delay of about 0.13 seconds between atrial stimulation and ventricular depolarization (later called PR interval).

In 1895, Willem Einthoven distinguished five different phases (deflections) of electrical current shown in a electrocardiogram, which he named P, Q, R, S and T.

In 1920, Harold Pardee of New York publishes the first electrocardiogram of an acute myocardial infarction in a human and describes the T wave as being tall and "starts from a point well up on the descent of the R wave.

In 1924, Willem Einthoven won the Nobel prize for inventing the electrocardiograph.

JONTY RHODES - more than d acts of defying gravity on the cricket field!!!

Jonty Rhodes, a sensational South African cricketer known for his catching abilities, diving around the field is debatably one of the best fielders ever in the world. But Jonty Rhodes also has epilepsy ( a disease with seizures ortherwise called fits ) .He definitely does not let that phase him, instead is an advocate, promoting and making epilepsy aware in the world.

In the journey, he has learnt several lessons, the foremost among them being — "never give up". Cricket's fielding legend, the astonishing shot stopper, whose blond hair bobbed up each time he swooped on the ball, was diagnosed with epilepsy, when just six. "In 1975, there wasn't much known about epilepsy. Then, there was a stigma attached to people with it," he says.

joke

A Nurse fell in love with a Doctor but she spent most
 of her time with the Pharmacist down the road... WHY???
Cause only he could read the doctor's love letters...

NEW TREATMENT FOR CATARACT!!!

In a common form of cataracts, proteins in the lens change over time, developing chromophores — molecular add-ons that absorb color in the blue part of the spectrum. Chromophores reduce the amount of light reaching the retina (and give the lens a yellow-brown appearance), but they also disrupt the structure of the lens proteins, causing light to scatter.

Cataracts can be treated by lens replacement surgery, but the procedure is invasive and costly, requiring special equipment and skilled eye surgeons. To make cataract treatment available to more people around the world, a less-invasive, less-expensive technique is needed.

Line Kessel, an ophthalmologist at Glostrup Hospital of the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, and colleagues have come up with what they say is a promising alternative to replacement surgery. In their approach, described in the open access journal PLoS ONE, they ‘bleach' the lens with a laser.
The researchers use infrared light, delivered by an extremely fast-pulse laser. The pulses are so fast, Kessel said, that two photons hit a target molecule simultaneously, with the same effect as if UV light was used.
The laser treatment reduces the light absorption and also helps restore the lens proteins to their proper structure.

Medical thriller - SPHINX

Dr. Robin Cook " he leaves the medical field behind and delves into the world of Egyptology..
The novel's main character, Erica Baron is an Egyptologist employed by the Boston Musuem of Fine Arts. With her personal life on hold, Erica flies to Cairo to fulfill a life long ambition. To see the ruins of ancient Egypt with her own eyes, and translate some of the hieroglyphics. She has left behind a disappointed, Jewish mother, who thinks her education was a waste, and her sometime fiance, she is immediately plunged into a mystery which reaches back to the time of Seti I. From being shown, a priceless life sized statue of Pharaoh Seti I, to witnessing the murder of the shop owner and theft of the statue, she is immersed in a world of suspense, treachery, black market profiteers, and a desire to preserve the treasures of the ancient world...
 SPHINX PART 1
 SPHINX PART 2
 SPHINX PART 3

CARDIAC PACEMAKER

Canadian, John Hopps invented the first cardiac pacemaker. Hopps was trained as an electrical engineer at the University of Manitoba and joined the National Research Council in 1941, where he conducted research on hypothermia. While experimenting with radio frequency heating to restore body temperature, Hopps made an unexpected discovery: if a heart stopped beating due to cooling, it could be started again by artificial stimulation using mechanical or electric means. This lead to Hopps' invention of the world's first cardiac pacemaker in 1950. His device was far too large to be implanted inside of the human body. It was an external pacemaker.

Wilson Greatbatch invented a newly-designed cardiac pacemaker and a corrosion-free lithium battery to power it.The innovation selected in 1983 by the National Society of Professional Engineers as one of the two major engineering contributions to society during the previous 50 years. Although trained as an electrical engineer, Greatbatch has primarily studied interdisciplinary areas combining engineering with medical electronics, agricultural genetics, the electrochemistry of pacemaker batteries, and the electrochemical polarization of physiological electrodes.

He has over 140 patents in his name.His most famous invention called the cardiac pacemaker, keeps the rhythm of millions of heartbeats and helps people live longer and better.

MUHAMED ALI - HIS TOUGHEST FIGHT...

Muhammad Ali, one of the most famous boxers of all time, had humble beginnings. He was born Cassius Clay, Jr., on January 17, 1942, in Louisville , Kentucky. He began boxing at the age of 12, winning various Golden Glove titles, both locally and nationally. In 1960, he attended the Olympics in Rome and came away with the gold medal in the light heavyweight division at the age of 18. Muhammad Ali is best known for his three "World Heavyweight Champion" titles.

As Muhammad Ali's boxing career started to wind down in the early 80's, he began to show signs of a neurological disorder. He had evident signs of decreasing motor skills during a fight against Larry Holmes in 1980. Parkinson's disease was diagnosed soon after...

It's been a point of controversy over whether or not Ali's Parkinson's-like affliction was the direct result of his boxing career or not...

DISCOVERY OF BLOOD BANK!!!

Charles Drew (1904-1950) was born on June 3, 1904 in Washington, D.C. Charles Drew excelled in academics and sports during his graduate studies at Amherst College in Massachusetts. Charles Drew was also a honor student at McGill University Medical School in Montreal, where he specialized in physiological anatomy.


Charles Drew researched blood plasma and transfusions in New York City. It was during his work at Columbia University where he made his discoveries relating to the preservation of blood. By separating the liquid red blood cells from the near solid plasma and freezing the two separately, he found that blood could be preserved and reconstituted at a later date.

Charles Drew's system for the storing of blood plasma (blood bank) revolutionized the medical profession. Dr. Drew also established the American Red Cross blood bank, of which he was the first director, and he organized the world's first blood bank drive, nicknamed "Blood for Britain". His official title for the blood drive was Medical Director of the first Plasma Division for Blood Transfusion, supplying blood plasma to the British during World War II. The British military used his process extensively during World War II, establishing mobile blood banks to aid in the treatment of wounded soldiers at the front lines. In 1941, the American Red Cross decided to set up blood donor stations to collect plasma for the U.S. armed forces.

After the war, Charles Drew took up the Chair of Surgery at Howard University, Washington, D.C. He received the Spingarn Medal in 1944 for his contributions to medical science. Charles Drew died at the early age of 46 from injuries suffered in a car accident in North Carolina.

Medical thriller - VECTOR

New York City cab driver Yuri Davydov is a disgruntled Russian immigrant poised to lash out at the adoptive nation he believes has denied him the American Dream. A former technician in the Soviet biological weapons system, Yuri possesses the knowledge to wreak havoc in his new home. But before he executes his plan city-wide, he experiments first on his suspicious live-in girlfriend, then on a few poor-tipping fares.... Forensic pathologists Dr. Jack Stapleton and Dr. Laurie Montgomery (both last seen in Chromosome 6) begin to witness some unusual cases in the city's medical examiner's office. But the question soon becomes whether the pair will solve the puzzle before Yuri unleashes into the streets of New York the ultimate terror: a modern bioweapon...
VECTOR PART 1
VECTOR PART 2
VECTOR PART 3
VECTOR PART 4

Wanna be a Doctor in SINGAPORE ?

If you did your undergraduation in any of the following Medical Schools, you are eligible to apply directly for a job in Singapore. Once you accept a job offer, you apply for conditional registration in Singapore. It's that simple. No examinations!                
List of medical schools given below :

LOW TESTOSTERONE MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY DEATH

Men with a lower-than-average level of the male sex hormone testosterone die earlier, a German study has found, but scientists said recently they were not sure why. The study tracked 1,954 German men aged 20 to 79 for seven years, after which 195 had died, said endocrinologist Henri Wallaschofski.

PHARMACOLOGY

DOWNLOAD LINK

1.GOODMAN & GILLMAN PHARMACOLOGICAL BASIS OF THERAPAEUTICS

2.Pharmacology Lippincott's

3.katzung_clinical_pharmacology

4.Rang & Dale's Pharmacology, 5th Edition
5.Desk Reference of Clinical Pharmacology, Second Ed

6.Pharmacology Demystified

7.Kaplan Pharmacology Lecture Notes
8.Textbook of Pharmacoepidemiology
9.Appleton & Lange's Review of Pharmacy 7th Ed.
10.Clinical Pharmacology of Sleep
11.Drugs and Drugs, 2nd Edition
12.Pharmacogenetics
13.Analogue-based Drug Discovery
14.Principles and Practice of Psychopharmacotherapy
14.Pharmacology Secrets
15.Antiobiotic Guideline

FAMILY MEDICINE

CLICK TO DOWNLOAD

Family medicine : ambulatory care and prevention ; 5th edition

Tatlor's Manual of Family Medicine

Did you know what JIM CARREY had ?

JIM CARREY

Best known for his lively physical comedy and almost

rubber like facial expressions, Jim Carrey revealed in a

60 Minutes interview (in 2004) that the inspiration for his

 funniness was "desperation".

ASPIRIN - HOW IT WAS DISCOVERED???

Aspirin or acetyl salicylic acid, is a derivative of salicylic acid that is a mild, nonnarcotic analgesic useful in the relief of headache and muscle and joint aches. The drug works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, body chemicals that are necessary for blood clotting and which also sensitize nerve endings to pain.

The father of modern medicine was Hippocrates, who lived sometime between 460 B.C and 377 B.C. Hippocrates was left historical records of pain relief treatments, including the use of powder made from the bark and leaves of the willow tree to help heal headaches, pains and fevers.

iin 1828, Johann Buchner, professor of pharmacy at the University of Munich, isolated a tiny amount of bitter tasting yellow, needle-like crystals, which he called salicin. Two Italians, Brugnatelli and Fontana, had in fact already obtained salicin in 1826, but in a highly impure form. By 1829, [French chemist] Henri Leroux had improved the extraction procedure to obtain about 30g from 1.5kg of bark. In 1838, Raffaele Piria [an Italian chemist] , split salicin into a sugar and an aromatic component (salicylaldehyde) and converted the latter, by hydrolysis and oxidation, to an acid of crystallised colourless needles, which he named salicylic acid."

Henri Leroux had extracted salicin, in crystalline form for the first time, and Raffaele Piria succeeded in obtaining the salicylic acid in its pure state.

The problem was that salicylic acid was tough on stomachs and a means of 'buffering' the compound was searched for. The first person to do so was a French chemist named Charles Frederic Gerhardt. In 1853, Gerhardt neutralized salicylic acid by buffering it with sodium (sodium salicylate) and acetyl chloride, creating acetylsalicylic acid. Gerhardt's product worked but he had no desire to market it and abandoned his discovery.

In 1899, a German chemist named Felix Hoffmann, who worked for a German company called Bayer, rediscovered Gerhardt's formula. Felix Hoffmann made some of the formula and gave it to his father who was suffering from the pain of arthritis. With good results, Felix Hoffmann then convinced Bayer to market the new wonder drug. Aspirin was patented on February 27, 1900.

JOKE

The man told his doctor that he wasn't able to do all the things around the house that he used to do. When the examination was complete, he said, "Now, Doc, I can take it. Tell me in plain English what is wrong with me?" "Well, in plain English," the doctor replied, "you're just lazy." "Okay," said the man. "Now give me the medical term so I can tell my wife."

STUDY HELP FOR MEDICOS

Coma Causes Checklist:

AEIOU TIPS 
Acidosis/Alcohol
Epilepsy
Infection
Overdose
Ureamia
Trauma
Insulin - excess/less
Psychosis
Stroke

Medical thriller novel - BLINDSIGHT

Dr. Laurie Montgomery, a forensic pathologist in the NYC Medical Examiner's office, finds a pattern of unrelated cocaine overdose deaths among career-oriented people never known to have used drugs. Despite the obvious evidence that she's onto something, her boss couldn't care less, while the homicide detective she becomes involved with is more concerned about the mob killings, and, like her boss, cannot understand why she is outraged by the behavior of two corrupt, thieving uniformed cops in her department...
BLINDSIGHT - PART 1
BLINDSIGHT - PART 2
BLINDSIGHT - PART 3

DIET ALONE INEFFECTIVE FOR WEIGHT LOSS

All those who believed they could shed the extra few pounds by diet alone, they were sadly mistaken...

A study by researchers at Oregon Health & Science University demonstrates that there is a natural body mechanism which conserves energy in response to a reduction in calories.

Parkinson's drugs may be addictive

Some people with Parkinson’s disease develop severe withdrawal symptoms when they try to taper off a widely used type of Parkinson’s drug, researchers report. The drugs, called dopamine agonists, include pramipexole, sold as Mirapex, and ropinirole, sold as Requip. They help control the movement problems caused by Parkinson’s, but may cause other troubles in some patients — including impulse control disorders, in which people compulsively eat, gamb le or shop.
Some patients who have tried to stop taking the drugs because of the compulsions quickly developed withdrawal symptoms like panic attacks, nausea, sweating, pain, fatigue, dizziness and drug cravings...

DISCOVERY OF THERMOMETER

SANTORIO ...

The first thermometers were called thermoscopes and while several inventors invented a version of the thermoscope at the same time, Italian inventor Santorio.

Santorio was the first inventor to put a numerical scale on the instrument. Galileo Galilei invented a rudimentary water thermometer in 1593 which, for the first time, allowed temperature variations to be measured. In 1714, Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the first mercury thermometer, the modern thermometer.

STUDY HELP FOR MEDICOS

Glycolysis steps:

"Goodness Gracious, Father Franklin Did Go By Picking Pumpkins (to) Prepare Pies":


Glucose
Glucose-6-P
Fructose-6-P
Fructose-1,6-diP
Dihydroxyacetone-P
Glyceraldehyde-P
1,3-Biphosphoglycerate
3-Phosphoglycerate
2-Phosphoglycerate (to)
Phosphoenolpyruvate [PEP]
Pyruvate

· 'Did', 'By' and 'Pies' tell you the first part of those three: di-, bi-, and py-.
· 'PrEPare' tells location of PEP in the process

JOKES

A man suffered a serious heart attack and consequently had a quadruple heart bypass surgery. He woke up to find that he was in the care of nuns at a catholic hospital. When he had recovered sufficiently a nun began to ask him questions as to how he was going to pay for the treatment he has had.


The nun asked…"Do you have health insurance?"
The patient replied in a rapsy voice…."No health insurance.."


The nun asked …."Do you have money in the bank?"
The patient replied…"No money in the bank."


Somewhat impatient the nun asked…"Do you have a relative who will be willing to help you settle the account for your treatment?"
The patient replied…"I only have a spinster sister who is a nun."


The nun became agitated and announced loudly.."Nuns are not spinsters! They are married to God."
The patient retorted.." Then send the bill to my brother in law.”

Medical thrillers - Chromosome 6

From the world's bestselling master of the medical thriller comes this tale of a mysterious transmission from the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean that leads a crew of oceanographers and divers to a phenomenon beyond scientific understanding.


CHROMOSOME6 - PART 1
CHROMOSOME6 - PART 2
CHROMOSOME6 - PART 3
CHROMOSOME6 - PART 4

MUSICAL TALENT AND VISUAL IMPAIREMENT CLOSELY LINKED

New research suggests musical talent and vision impairment are closely linked. High-profile and brilliant blind musicians such as Ray Charles, Stevie Wonder and Andrea Bocelli have long caused people to wonder if there is a link between music and blindness.

Now Professor Adam Ockelford, a musician and visiting research fellow at the Institute of Education, London, has some solid evidence.

He and his research team surveyed and visited visually impaired children who had been premature babies, at home and at school.

Working with around 40 blind children, as well as surveying parents, teachers and music therapists, the study showed that blind children are 4,000 times more likely to have perfect pitch — a traditional marker of exceptional musical ability — than their fully sighted peers.

Ambulance and concept of emergency medicine

During the Crusades of the 11th Century, the Knights of St John received instruction in first-aid treatment from Arab and Greek doctors.

The Knights of St John then acted as the first emergency workers, treating soldiers on both sides of the war of the battlefield and bringing in the wounded to nearby tents for further treatment.

The concept of ambulance service started in Europe with the Knights of St John, at the same time it had also become common practice for small rewards to be paid to soldiers who carried the wounded bodies of other soldiers in for medical treatment.

The Surgeon-in-Chief of the French Grand Army, "Baron Dominiquie Larrey" created the first official army medical corp. in 1792. Trained attendants with equipment moved out from the field hospitals to give first-aid to the wounded on the battlefield and/or carried them back by stretcher, hand-carts and wagons to the field hospitals.

Motorized ambulance vehicles have been in use since the beginning of the 20th century. In the 1950s the United States pioneered helicopter-ambulances during the Korean War. In 1968, St Vincent's Hospital in New York City started the first mobile coronary care unit.

JOKE

Old Dr. Carver still made house calls. One afternoon he was called to the Tuttle house. Mrs. Tuttle was in terrible pain. The doctor came out of the bedroom a minute after he'd gone in and asked Mr. Tuttle, "Do you have a hammer?" A puzzled Mr. Tuttle went to the garage, and returned with a hammer. The doctor thanked him and went back into the bedroom. A moment later, he came out and asked, "Do you have a chisel?" Mr. Tuttle complied with the request. In the next ten minutes, Dr. Carver asked for and received a pair of pliers a screwdriver and a hacksaw. The last request got to Mr. Tuttle. He asked, "What are you doing to my wife?" "Not a thing," replied old doc Carver. "I can't get my medical instrument bag open."

STUDY HELP FOR MEDICOS

Internal jugular vein: tributaries  ( from inferior to superior )

Medical Schools Let Confident People In

Middle thyroid

Superior thyroid
Lingual
Common facial
Pharyngeal
Inferior petrosal sinus

Medical thriller - COMA

Coma is the gripping story of patients who check into a hospital for "minor" surgery-and never wake up again...

COMA - PART 1
COMA - PART 2
COMA - PART 3

WHO DISCOVERED THE SYRINGE???

Forms of intravenous injection and infusion began as early as 1670. However, Charles Gabriel Pravaz and Alexander Wood were the first to develop a syringe with a needle fine enough to pierce the skin in 1853.

Many of the technical difficulties which had faced those experimenting with blood transfusion were removed after 1853 by the invention of the hypodermic syringe, with its hollow pointed needle. Credit for the evolution of this universally useful appliance is usually given to Doctor Alexander Wood (born 1817), who was appointed Secretary of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh in 1850. For some time, Doctor Wood had been experimenting with a hollow needle for the administration of drugs. It was first used to inject morphine as a painkiller.
Eventually, he felt confident enough to publish in "The Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Review" a short paper - 'A New Method of treating Neuralgia by the direct application of Opiates to the Painful Points' - in which he showed that the method was not necessarily limited to the administration of opiates. At about the same time, Charles Gabriel Pravaz of Lyon was making a similar syringe which quickly came into use in many surgeries under the name of 'The Pravaz Syringe'.

DAILY GINGER CONSUMPTION - EASES MUSCLE PAIN

Ginger has long been used as a home remedy for ailments like colds and upset stomachs. But research has now found that daily ginger consumption also reduces muscle pain caused by exercise.

While ginger had been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects in rodents, its effect on experimentally-induced human muscle pain was largely unexplored, said Patrick O'Connor, University of Georgia professor in kinesiology.

Medical fiction novels

Here is a link for free download of  a   novels by
My all time favourite medical fiction novelist..Dr. ROBIN COOK...

 Dr. Robin Cook (born May 4, 1940 in New York City, New York) is an American physician and novelist who writes about medicine and topics affecting public health.

He is best known for combining medical writing with the thriller genre. Several of his books have been bestsellers on the "New York Times" Bestseller List. Several of his books have also been featured in Reader's Digest.

A gigantic drug firm has offered an aspiring young doctor
a lucrative job that will help support his pregnant wife.
It could make their dreams come true-or their nightmares...





MINDBEND- DOWNLOAD- PART 1
MINDBEND- DOWNLOAD -PART 2

 
 
 
plz inform if the link does'nt work.